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Soft systems in methodology in action
The straightforward transfer of Systems Engineering (SE) to the broader situations of management was not possible, but by insisting on a combination of systems thingking strongly linked to real-world practice checkland and his callobolator developed an alternative approach - Soft Systems Metthodology (SSM) - which enables managers of all kinds and at any level to deal with the subtleties and confusions of the situasions they face.
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